What is PCOS? Symptoms, diagnosis and support options
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal condition that can affect how the ovaries function. It is estimated to affect around 8–13% of people of reproductive age, based on international clinical guidelines.
While PCOS is relatively prevalent, its impact can vary. For some, symptoms may be mild. For others, PCOS can affect multiple aspects of health and wellbeing over time.
What is PCOS?
PCOS is associated with hormonal changes, particularly involving:
- Higher levels of androgens (sometimes referred to as “male hormones”)
- Irregular or absent ovulation
- Changes in how the ovaries may appear on ultrasound
Despite the name, not everyone with PCOS has ovarian cysts. The condition can present differently in each individual.
Common symptoms of PCOS
Symptoms can vary in type and severity. Some people may experience only a few symptoms, while others may experience several.
Features that may be associated with PCOS include:
- Irregular periods or missed periods
- Difficulty predicting ovulation
- Acne or oily skin
- Increased hair growth (face or body)
- Hair thinning on the scalp
- Weight changes or difficulty managing weight
- Fatigue
- Changes in mood or mental wellbeing
PCOS can also be associated with changes in how the body processes insulin, which may affect energy levels and metabolism.
How is PCOS diagnosed?
There is no single test for PCOS. A diagnosis is usually made by a GP or specialist based on a combination of factors.
This may include:
- A discussion about symptoms and menstrual cycle patterns
- Blood tests to assess hormone levels
- An ultrasound to assess the ovaries
Clinicians often use established diagnostic criteria, which generally involve at least two of the following:
- Irregular ovulation
- Signs of higher androgen levels
- Polycystic-appearing ovaries on ultrasound
Other conditions may need to be excluded before confirming a diagnosis.
What support options are available?
Support for PCOS is individualised and may depend on symptoms, health goals, and personal preferences.
Management approaches may include:
Medical support
A GP or specialist may discuss options to help manage specific symptoms, such as menstrual irregularity, acne, or hormonal changes.
Nutrition and lifestyle support
Some people may benefit from working with a dietitian to support energy levels, blood sugar regulation, and overall wellbeing.
Mental health support
Living with a long-term condition can affect mental health. Support from a psychologist or other mental health professional may be helpful for some individuals.
Coordinated care
In some cases, a clinician may recommend involving multiple health professionals to support different aspects of care.
When to speak with a clinician
It may be helpful to speak with a GP if you notice:
- Ongoing irregular or absent periods
- Symptoms such as acne or increased hair growth that are concerning
- Difficulty understanding or managing changes in your cycle
- Concerns about fertility or hormonal health
A clinician can help assess your symptoms and discuss appropriate next steps.
A note on variation
PCOS can present differently for everyone. Some people may have mild symptoms, while others may require more ongoing support. Experiences can also change over time.
Accessing clear information and appropriate care can help you better understand your options.
Learn more about your options
If you would like to explore support, speaking with a qualified health professional can be a helpful first step.
Telehealth services such as Rowie provide access to qualified clinicians, including GPs, psychologists and dietitians, who can assess your individual circumstances and discuss appropriate care options.
Disclaimer
This article is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical advice. Always seek advice from a qualified health professional regarding your individual health needs.